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Omega-3 fatty acids, found in fish, are called essential fatty acids because the human body needs them to survive. Two kinds of omega-3 fatty acids are found in fish, including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The body cannot produce omega-3 fatty acids on its own, so they must be consumed in the diet. The role of omega-3 fatty acids in the prevention of cardiovascular disease has been extensively studied. How are omega-3 fatty acids beneficial? Here's how omega-3 fatty acids may protect you from cardiovascular disease: Reduces blood clot formation. Omega-3 fatty acids act as a natural anticoagulant by altering the ability of platelets in your blood to clump together. Inhibits the growth of plaque. Omega-3 fatty acids help keep the lining of the arteries smooth and clear of damage that can lead to the thickening and hardening of the arteries. Decreases triglycerides and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). High triglyceride values and VLDL cholesterol are associated with increased risk for heart disease. Omega-3 fatty acids decrease the rate at which these two substances are produced in the liver. May increase levels of the good cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Because omega-3 fatty acids lower triglyceride levels, they may also increase HDL, the "good" cholesterol that protects against the development of heart disease. Have anti-inflammatory properties. The development of atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries) is thought to involve your body's inflammatory response. Omega-3 fatty acids reduce the production of substances that are released during the inflammatory response and in doing so, prevent substances from accumulating and sticking to the lining of the arteries. May lower blood pressure. Several studies have examined the effect of omega-3 fatty acids on blood pressure. Those who eat fish tend to have lower incidence of high blood pressure. Because omega-3 fatty acids aid in thinning the blood, always inform your health care provider if you are taking fish oil supplements. You should take caution if you currently take blood thinners (such as aspirin or warfarin), are expecting to undergo surgery, or have hemophilia.
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